Annotating Nouns and Pronouns
So far, we have only looked at verbal predicates. But nouns can have (core) arguments too. Specifically, this is true for event nouns and relational nouns.
Event nouns are annotated much like verbs:
Dependency graph for sentence: Kim ’s breaking of the vase. Token breaking is labeled INTERNAL-STATE-INIT and has an edge labeled CAUSER to token Kim and an edge labeled has-state to token vase.
Dependency graph for sentence: Kim ’s height. Token height is labeled PROPERTY and has an edge labeled has-property to token Kim.
Dependency graph for sentence: Sandy ’s destruction. Token destruction is labeled EXISTENCE-DEINIT and has an edge labeled existent to token Sandy.
Dependency graph for sentence: Sandy ’s destruction of the city. Token destruction is labeled EXISTENCE-DEINIT and has an edge labeled CAUSER to token Sandy and an edge labeled existent to token city.
Relational nouns are not much different, except that they additionally refer to one of the participants in the relation. But we are only concerned with evocation, not with reference.
Dependency graph for sentence: Kim ’s friend. Token friend is labeled SOCIAL-RELATION and has an edge labeled socially-related to token Kim.
Dependency graph for sentence: my critic. Token critic is labeled EVALUATION and has an edge labeled evaluee to token my.
Dependency graph for sentence: He is our physics teacher. Token teacher is labeled MESSAGE-HABIT and has an edge labeled SENDER to token He and an edge labeled EXPERIENCER to token our and an edge labeled topic to token physics.
Dependency graph for sentence: She is the president of our club. Token president is labeled OBLIGATION and has an edge labeled obliged to token She and an edge labeled obliged-to to token club.
Many nouns, of course, are neither event nouns nor relational nouns, and thus
do not have any (core) arguments. The includes proper nouns and is also true
for most pronouns. Thus, the rule that we mentioned earlier applies: an occurrence
of a predicate without any core arguments is always annotated with the special
superframe ENTITY.
Dependency graph for sentence: a tree. Token tree is labeled ENTITY.
Dependency graph for sentence: Kim. Token Kim is labeled ENTITY.
Dependency graph for sentence: they. Token they is labeled ENTITY.
Occasionally, pronouns do have arguments. In that case, frame them like you would the antecedent noun:
Dependency graph for sentence: The picture was that of the boa. Token that is labeled MESSAGE and has an edge labeled SAME to token picture and an edge labeled topic to token boa.