In the prototypical clause, the head is a verb. But there are also clauses
where other kinds of predicates function as the head. We distinguish four types
of such clauses: adjectival clauses, identificational clauses, nominal
clauses, and oblique clauses.
The head of an adjectival clause is an adjective that assigns the subject a
role.
Dependency graph for sentence: My car is red. Token red is labeled PROPERTY and has an edge labeled has-property:hl to token car.Dependency graph for sentence: The dog is tired. Token tired is labeled INTERNAL-STATE and has an edge labeled has-state:hl to token dog.Dependency graph for sentence: Change is necessary. Token necessary is labeled NECESSITY and has an edge labeled necessary:hl to token Change.Dependency graph for sentence: Change is possible. Token possible is labeled POSSIBILITY and has an edge labeled possible:hl to token Change.Dependency graph for sentence: They are not able to move. Token able is labeled META-POSSIBILITY and has an edge labeled participant:hl to token They and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled scene to token move.
An identificational clause expresses that the subject refers to the same entity
as the head. Use SAME:
Dependency graph for sentence: The picture was that of the boa. Token that is labeled MESSAGE and has an edge labeled SAME:hl to token picture and an edge labeled content to token boa.Dependency graph for sentence: The planet from which the little prince came is the asteroid known as B-612. Token asteroid is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled SAME:hl to token planet and an edge labeled SCENE to token known.
The head of a nominal clause is a noun (or pronoun) that denotes a class of
entities that the subject is said to be an instance of. If the noun is
relational, it assigns the subject a role:
Dependency graph for sentence: He is our physics teacher. Token teacher is labeled MESSAGE-INIT-HABIT and has an edge labeled SENDER:hl to token He and an edge labeled EXPERIENCER to token our and an edge labeled content to token physics.Dependency graph for sentence: She is the president of our club. Token president is labeled BOND and has an edge labeled tied:hl to token She and an edge labeled tied-to to token club.Dependency graph for sentence: Sandy is the destroyer of the city. Token destroyer is labeled EXISTENCE-DEINIT and has an edge labeled CAUSER:hl to token Sandy and an edge labeled existent to token city.Dependency graph for sentence: That is my fault. Token fault is labeled CAUSATION and has an edge labeled effect:hl to token That and an edge labeled causer to token my.
Dependency graph for sentence: It was a picture of a boa constrictor. Token picture is labeled MESSAGE and has an edge labeled INSTANCE:hl to token It.Dependency graph for sentence: Baobabs were not little bushes. Token bushes is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled INSTANCE:hl to token Baobabs and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled SCENE to token little.
The head of an oblique clause is marked (e.g., by an adposition, a conjunction,
or by case marking) in a way that expresses a semantic relation between the
subject and the head. Accordingly, the subject is assigned a non-core role:
Dependency graph for sentence: The sprout was not like any other small sprouts on his planet. Token sprouts is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled COMPARED:hl to token sprout and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled SCENE to token other and an edge labeled SCENE to token small and an edge labeled LOCATION to token planet.Dependency graph for sentence: Kim is at home. Token home is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled HAS-LOCATION:hl to token Kim.Dependency graph for sentence: That house is Kim 's. Token Kim is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled POSSESSUM:hl to token house.Dependency graph for sentence: That is because he is thinking of something else. Token thinking is labeled MESSAGE-DYN and has an edge labeled HAS-REASON:hl to token That and an edge labeled EXPERIENCER to token he and an edge labeled content to token something.Dependency graph for sentence: This asteroid has only once been seen through the telescope . That was by a Turkish astronomer , in 1909 .. Token That is labeled EXPERIENCE. Token astronomer is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled EXPERIENCED:hl to token That and an edge labeled SCENE to token Turkish and an edge labeled TIME to token 1909.
Dependency graph for sentence: My car is red. Token red is labeled PROPERTY and has an edge labeled has-property:hl to token car.
Dependency graph for sentence: The dog is tired. Token tired is labeled INTERNAL-STATE and has an edge labeled has-state:hl to token dog.
Dependency graph for sentence: Change is necessary. Token necessary is labeled NECESSITY and has an edge labeled necessary:hl to token Change.
Dependency graph for sentence: Change is possible. Token possible is labeled POSSIBILITY and has an edge labeled possible:hl to token Change.
Dependency graph for sentence: They are not able to move. Token able is labeled META-POSSIBILITY and has an edge labeled participant:hl to token They and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled scene to token move.
Dependency graph for sentence: The picture was that of the boa. Token that is labeled MESSAGE and has an edge labeled SAME:hl to token picture and an edge labeled content to token boa.
Dependency graph for sentence: The planet from which the little prince came is the asteroid known as B-612. Token asteroid is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled SAME:hl to token planet and an edge labeled SCENE to token known.
Dependency graph for sentence: He is our physics teacher. Token teacher is labeled MESSAGE-INIT-HABIT and has an edge labeled SENDER:hl to token He and an edge labeled EXPERIENCER to token our and an edge labeled content to token physics.
Dependency graph for sentence: She is the president of our club. Token president is labeled BOND and has an edge labeled tied:hl to token She and an edge labeled tied-to to token club.
Dependency graph for sentence: Sandy is the destroyer of the city. Token destroyer is labeled EXISTENCE-DEINIT and has an edge labeled CAUSER:hl to token Sandy and an edge labeled existent to token city.
Dependency graph for sentence: That is my fault. Token fault is labeled CAUSATION and has an edge labeled effect:hl to token That and an edge labeled causer to token my.
Dependency graph for sentence: It was a picture of a boa constrictor. Token picture is labeled MESSAGE and has an edge labeled INSTANCE:hl to token It.
Dependency graph for sentence: Baobabs were not little bushes. Token bushes is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled INSTANCE:hl to token Baobabs and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled SCENE to token little.
Dependency graph for sentence: The sprout was not like any other small sprouts on his planet. Token sprouts is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled COMPARED:hl to token sprout and an edge labeled SCENE to token not and an edge labeled SCENE to token other and an edge labeled SCENE to token small and an edge labeled LOCATION to token planet.
Dependency graph for sentence: Kim is at home. Token home is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled HAS-LOCATION:hl to token Kim.
Dependency graph for sentence: That house is Kim 's. Token Kim is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled POSSESSUM:hl to token house.
Dependency graph for sentence: That is because he is thinking of something else. Token thinking is labeled MESSAGE-DYN and has an edge labeled HAS-REASON:hl to token That and an edge labeled EXPERIENCER to token he and an edge labeled content to token something.
Dependency graph for sentence: This asteroid has only once been seen through the telescope . That was by a Turkish astronomer , in 1909 .. Token That is labeled EXPERIENCE. Token astronomer is labeled ENTITY and has an edge labeled EXPERIENCED:hl to token That and an edge labeled SCENE to token Turkish and an edge labeled TIME to token 1909.